California’s New Minimum Wage Law Triggers Massive Layoffs for Fast Food Workers

By: Georgia | Last updated: Apr 11, 2024

In California, the fast food industry is undergoing significant changes as a new $20 minimum wage law takes effect on Monday April 1st. 

According to a report by The Wall Street Journal, restaurant chains, particularly pizzerias, are preparing for this adjustment by reducing their workforce. These businesses plan to cut hundreds of jobs, reduce working hours, and halt new hiring to cope with the increased labor costs. This development comes as more restaurant chains brace for the financial impact of the wage increase.

Pizza Hut Adjusts to Wage Increase with Job Cuts

Pizza Hut is one of the chains making substantial adjustments in response to the new minimum wage law, with more than 1,200 delivery jobs being cut in December. 

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Close-up view of a pepperoni and pineapple pizza with a golden-brown crust, served on a white plate

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Despite these cuts, Pizza Hut assures customers that delivery service will remain available through their mobile app, website, and phone ordering, ensuring a consistent customer experience. 

The Story of a Pizza Hut Driver

Michael Ojeda, a 29-year-old Pizza Hut driver in Ontario, Calif., received a notice in December from Southern California Pizza, a Pizza Hut franchisee, that his employment would end in February. 

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Three red Pizza Hut delivery scooters parked in a row, all branded with the Pizza Hut logo and website address

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Ojeda, who devoted nearly a decade of his career to Pizza Hut, expressed his dismay, stating, “Pizza Hut was my career for nearly a decade and with little to no notice it was taken away.”

Excalibur Pizza to Reduce Workforce

Excalibur Pizza, operating under the Round Table Pizza brand, has confirmed plans to eliminate 73 driver positions in April, which represents 21% of its workforce. 

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An overhead shot of a freshly baked cheese pizza with sun-dried tomatoes, cut into slices on a wooden table

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The company is shifting its delivery services to third-party providers. This move is described as a job transfer rather than a loss, indicating a trend among California restaurant operators to adapt to rising operating costs by changing their staffing strategies.

The FAST Act

This law was first introduced to California lawmakers as the FAST Act. This act was intended to help fast-food employees receive raises as the cost of living throughout the state skyrocketed.

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Cars parked outside McDonald’s in the evening.

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Many of these employees were still not earning enough to make a living. So, the California government decided to make some changes to force major fast food chains to pay their employees a living wage.

No Exemptions from New Wage Law

Governor Gavin Newsom has made it clear that there will be no exemptions to the new wage law. This legislation includes businesses that serve ice cream, coffee, boba tea, pretzels, or donuts as part of the fast food industry. 

California Governor Gavin Newsom is captured mid-speech at a podium, addressing an audience in a well-lit conference room. He is dressed in a dark suit with a blue tie, gesturing with his right hand

Source: Wikimedia Commons

The National Law Review’s analysis of the bill indicates that a broad range of establishments could fall under the law’s coverage, extending its impact beyond traditional fast food restaurants.

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Panera Seeks Exemption from Wage Increase

Greg Flynn, who oversees Panera franchises in California, attempted to exempt his restaurants from the new mandate by arguing that in-house bread production should qualify for an exemption. 

A daytime view of a Panera Bread location. The restaurant's façade is white with the Panera Bread logo prominently displayed in the center

Source: Wikimedia Commons

However, this claim was dismissed by Newsom’s office as “absurd.” 

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Newsom and Panera Bread

Recently, Newsom came under fire when it was suggested that his office pushed for Panera Bread to be exempt from this new minimum wage law.

Gavin Newsom in front of a California flag speaking.

Source: Public Domain/Wikimedia Commons

While Newsom has denied these allegations, critics couldn’t help but point out how odd it was that those creating the law did include an exemption for fast food restaurants that baked their own bread.

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Newsom and Panera’s Connections

Most intriguingly, Newsom has a long history with Greg Flynn, a Panera Bread franchise owner who owns many fast-food restaurants in California. Flynn has previously endorsed Newsom in his political campaigns.

Gavin Newsom in front of a podium.

Source: Gage Skidmore/Wikimedia Commons

However, both Flynn and Newsom have stated that they did not push for these exemptions — something critics continue to say they’ve done.

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Flynn’s Response

As criticism of Flynn and Newsom heated up in the press and on social media, Flynn quickly released a statement saying that he didn’t push for this exemption. Eventually, he also insinuated that he would follow the law, even if Panera Bread was exempt from it.

A Panera Bread location in the daytime.

Source: Miosotis Jade/Wikimedia Commons

This resulted in Flynn stating that he would raise employees’ minimum wage at Panera Bread to $20 in California.

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Confusions Over Panera Bread

Even if Newsom’s office did push for an exemption for Panera Bread, it’s not currently clear if the eateries would even qualify for this exemption.

A Panera Bread location in California.

Source: TaurusEmerald/Wikimedia Commons

According to some analysts, Panera Bread still wouldn’t qualify for this exemption, as they don’t make the dough on-site. They make it off-site and then ship it to each individual store. This alone could disqualify Panera Bread from the exemption.

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Price Increases

Many restaurants have warned that they will have to raise their menu item prices throughout California to offset this minimum wage law. According to the New York Post, this is already happened.

Cars in front of a Burger King at night.

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Burger King is one example. Before the law, a Texas Double Whopper meal cost $15.09. After the law went into effect, it increased to $16.89.

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Starbucks and Chipotle to Raise Prices

Both Starbucks and Chipotle have announced plans to increase their prices to comply with the minimum wage increase. 

Wide-angle view of a Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurant front on an overcast day. The brand's iconic logo is mounted above the entrance

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Chipotle’s CFO discussed the necessity of this action with Yahoo Finance, while a Starbucks spokesperson told USA TODAY that the company is committed to improving compensation and the overall experience for their partners. 

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Starbucks Closes Stores Amid Wage Changes

Starbucks has recently closed seven stores in California. The company asserts that these closures are part of a strategy to enhance compensation and the overall experience for its partners. 

View from inside a Starbucks café, looking out towards the street through large windows framed by wooden columns

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Starbucks’ comprehensive compensation package for U.S. hourly partners averages $30 per hour, reflecting their approach to sharing success with employees at all levels.

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Fast Food Chains Adjust Menu Prices

Popular chains like McDonald’s and Chipotle are revising their menu prices in California to fund the minimum wage hikes passed in September. 

A close-up image showing a McDonald's meal spread out on a wooden table. To the left, there's a red fry box with the McDonald's golden arches, spilling over with golden French fries. In the center is a wrapped McDonald's Bacon & Cheeseburger, and to the right, a Big Mac box prominently displays the sandwich's name

Source: Brett Jordan/Unsplash

This adjustment is a direct response to the state’s legislative changes, affecting how businesses operate and price their offerings. 

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Significant Wage Increase for Fast Food Workers

The minimum wage increase for California fast food workers, represents a substantial rise from the state’s broader $16 minimum wage. 

A pair of hands in blue gloves meticulously prepares tacos at a food counter. On the left, one hand is placing a topping, while the other hand on the right holds a taco shell filled with ingredients

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This increase is a notable financial improvement for workers in the industry.

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Challenges for Small Business Owners

In San Jose, Brian Hom, who owns two Vitality Bowls restaurants, illustrates another facet of the minimum wage law’s impact. 

Close-up of two fruit bowls from Vitality Bowls. The bowl in the foreground is topped with sliced strawberries, pineapple, and sprinkled with cocoa nibs. The bowl in the background is garnished with sliced bananas, blueberries, and coconut flakes

Source: Vitality Bowls/Facebook

To cope with increased labor costs, Hom has reduced his staff to two employees per store, half of the typical number, resulting in longer wait times for customers and necessitating higher prices to cover the added expenses. “I’m definitely not going to hire anymore,” Hom declared, highlighting the strain on small business owners.

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Complications Remain

There have already been a few complications and confusion with the passing of this bill. Panera Bread isn’t alone in wondering if they are exempt from the law or not.

A street in Venice, California with people and cars on it.

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Many fast-food eateries around California remain concerned about the law, simply because they can’t figure out if they are exempt or not. Unfortunately, when they try to connect with the government to better understand what they should do, they’re left with more questions.

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Exempt Places

According to this new minimum wage law, only fast-food chains will have to pay their employees at least $20 an hour. Chains that have more than 60 locations throughout the country are impacted by this legislation.

A red staircase outside by shops and stores in Los Angeles, California.

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Therefore, small businesses that only have one or two stores — or even ten stores — are exempt.

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More Than Fast Food Restaurants Are Affected

While many analysts have talked about how this law mainly targets fast-food establishments, many other eateries and shops are also having to raise their minimum wage.

A close-up of a Starbucks store in California.

Source: Mahavir Shah/Unsplash

Places like coffee and boba shops are not exempt. Some ice cream parlors may also be impacted by this new legislation.

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Demand Will Help

Supporters of this legislation believe that everything will even out eventually once businesses get used to this change. According to these analysts, the fast food industry always sees a lot of demand in California.

Many containers of fast food chicken.

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High demand often results in more employees being hired — and hired at a higher wage.

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Trickling Into Restaurants

These analysts also hope to see this higher wage naturally trickle into other restaurants or eateries that are currently exempt from this new minimum wage law.

Two people walking on a sidewalk in front of a building in California.

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People may leave lower-paying jobs for these new $ 20-an-hour ones. This then could naturally force other businesses to raise their own wages to try to keep employees in a very busy industry.

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An Unknowable Future

However, critics of this legislation don’t believe this will happen at all. They think California businesses will continue to suffer, thanks to this law.

An In-N-Out Burger sign against a blue sky.

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The future is unknowable. Though there have already been immediate layoffs, the industry could easily bounce back once it gets used to these new minimum wage laws.

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The Future of California's Fast Food Industry

As the new minimum wage law takes effect, the fast food industry in California is at a turning point. 

A close-up photo of a hand holding a gourmet burger with a shiny, sesame seed-studded brioche bun. The burger is layered with melted cheddar cheese, a well-grilled beef patty, crispy bacon, and fresh lettuce

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The changes being made by fast food chains, from job cuts to price increases, reflect a broader adjustment to new economic realities. The impact of these adjustments will likely shape the industry’s future, affecting both employees and consumers in the state.

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