California Earthquake Alert: Golden State Faces Imminent Threats Beyond the San Andreas Fault

By: Georgia | Last updated: Sep 07, 2024

Just last week, Los Angeles felt the ground tremble with a 4.4 magnitude earthquake, hot on the heels of a 5.2 magnitude shake near Bakersfield. 

These quakes were gentle nudges compared to what might come, reminding us all of Southern California’s shaky foundation.

All the Way to the Coast

The epicenter of the earthquake was in Highland Park, near Los Angeles County.

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Cracks on a sidewalk.

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The quake hit at around 12:20 PDT, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. The tremors were felt in nearby cities like Pasadena and Glendale, as well as coastal areas like Manhattan Beach and El Segundo.

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Caught on Camera

The quake struck the Golden State during live television broadcasts.

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A baseball on the ground.

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Malika Andrews from ESPN was interviewing a baseball analyst when the earthquake started. “Everything is shaking,” said Andrews after checking there were no damages or injuries.

Fire Crews at Work

Andrews was able to stay calm during the broadcast, and after ensuring everyone in the studio was okay, she continued with her interview.

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A man facing away from the camera. His jacket shows the initials LAFD.

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The agency later reported that there were no damages or injuries. Local media said a water main broke in South Pasadena, but it was unclear whether the earthquake was to blame.

A Series of Earthquakes

The U.S. Geological Survey initially estimated the earthquake would reach a magnitude of 4.7. However, they later downgraded it to 4.4.

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A crack runs through pavement that has blue and yellow painting on it.

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This was not the only earthquake that hit California. In recent weeks, California has seen a string of magnitude 4 and 5 quakes. Affected areas include Grapevine and Bakersfield.       

Under the City: Puente Hills Fault

Buried beneath the bustling streets of Los Angeles lies the Puente Hills thrust fault

A Google Earth map showing the red outline of the Puente Hills Thrust Fault near Los Angeles

Source: Wikimedia Commons

More menacing than the famous San Andreas, its position under the dense population makes it an especially alarming concern for earthquake experts.

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What Lies Beneath

The Puente Hills fault lies about 25 miles beneath the Los Angeles Basin.

A view from Puente Hills.

Source: Geographer/Wikimedia Commons

The fault is underneath downtown Los Angeles, Whittier and the Puente Hills. This type of fault occurs when one part of the Earth’s crust is pushed on top of another due to compressional forces.

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Tracking Tremors

“All of these earthquakes are closely spaced in three dimensions, just beneath the main Puente Hills thrust [fault] plane,” reveals James Dolan, a professor at USC. 

A serene view of the University of Southern California campus featuring a central fountain statue with lush greenery and the historic brick building in the background

Source: Wikimedia Commons

This comment highlights a series of small but significant tremors recently noted by researchers and reported by the LA Times.

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Minor Quakes, Major Warnings?

Despite their small size, these frequent quakes could be early signals of something bigger. 

Three men observing the rubble of a demolished building post-earthquake, with a yellow excavator parked beside the debris under a clear sky

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Dolan points out, “But the key thing is, they are very small events. These are very small earthquakes that don’t necessarily mean anything in terms of potentially being the harbinger of a future large magnitude earthquake on the Puente Hills thrust.”

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The Hidden Fault Lines

The Puente Hills fault, a blind thrust fault, silently pressures parts of the earth’s crust over one another without any surface evidence. 

A detailed seismic map showing earthquake risk zones across Los Angeles, marked with various colors to indicate earthquake magnitudes and historical seismic activity

Source: Wikimedia Commons

This hidden nature makes it particularly challenging to study and monitor.

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When the Big One Hits

Warnings from seismologists suggest that the Puente Hills thrust fault might unleash a quake up to a magnitude 7.5, which could devastate the heart of Los Angeles.

Wide aerial shot of Los Angeles showing dense urban development sprawling toward the mountainous horizon

Source: Wikimedia Commons

This would be a nightmare scenario for the city’s residents, infrastructure and rescue services.

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A Tale of Two Faults

The infamous San Andreas fault is known for its potential to create massive earthquakes. 

An aerial photograph shows visible fault lines snaking through a dry, green-tinted landscape with sparse vegetation, highlighting geological features.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

However, it pales in proximity to the Puente Hills fault when considering the immediate threat to Los Angeles’ urban core.

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Different Timeframes

While the threat of the Puente Hills fault looms large, this fault has not had a large earthquake in recorded history.

Aerial view of part of the San Andreas fault.

Source: Carol M. Highsmith/Wikimedia Commons

Geologists estimate this fault has a quake every few thousand years. However, the San Andreas fault has a major earthquake once every few centuries. Its most recent quake happened in 1857 and had a magnitude of 7.8.

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Expert Opinion on Urban Danger

Lucy Jones, a respected earthquake expert, did not mince words when she told the LA Times, “It’s a reminder that this is actually our most dangerous fault.” 

A concrete bridge partially collapsed over a muddy river, with damage clearly visible on its structure, and a police vehicle parked at the undamaged end.

Source: Wikimedia Commons

Her statement illustrates the unique risk posed by Puente Hills compared to other faults in the region.

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Predicting Disaster

The U.S. Geological Survey projects that a major 7.8 magnitude earthquake on the San Andreas could kill about 1,800 people. 

A wooden sign reading "San Andreas Fault" stands in a barren desert landscape, with sparse vegetation and dusty trails under a clear sky

Source: Wikimedia Commons

But a quake of similar strength on the Puente Hills fault could be much deadlier, potentially claiming up to 18,000 lives and causing upward of $252 billion in damages.

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Earthquake Inevitability

Dolan emphasizes the certain risk of major quakes in LA’s future, urging preparedness.

The Los Angeles skyline illuminated by soft light at dusk, showing tall skyscrapers and a dense urban layout extending towards hazy mountains in the background

Source: Wikimedia Commons

He said, “People really need to be ready for a very, very large earthquake, or earthquakes, in L.A.’s future. It’s going to happen. We don’t know when. We don’t know exactly which fault is going to generate those earthquakes, but they are going to happen.”

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Vulnerable Infrastructure

One reason why these potential earthquakes are so high-risk is because of vulnerable buildings.

Concrete pillars towering over a group of people.

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The buildings most at risk are those constructed with brittle concrete frames. These buildings could crumble during a major earthquake. Violent tremors can push buildings off their foundations or even cause them to collapse.

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Ignoring Retrofitting Suggestions

Buildings that are held up by skinny poles are the most vulnerable to collapse in an earthquake.

Concrete apartment building with balconies.

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Cities such as Los Angeles, Pasadena and Santa Monica have ordered these buildings to be retrofitted. However, most other areas have not, including San Gabriel Valley and southeast L.A. County.

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Could Lead to More Homeless

Scientists have said that vulnerable infrastructure needs to be retrofitted to save lives and housing.

A cracked blue wall.

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Jones said: “This is something that not only kills people, as we saw in ’94, but it also leaves people homeless. We can’t afford to lose that housing when a bigger earthquake comes through.”

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Silent, But Not Inactive

While the Puente Hills fault has been quiet in recent history, geologists assert its capability for significant activity. 

Close-up of a damaged brick building with chunks of bricks fallen off, revealing the inner structure next to an antique street lamp

Source: Wikimedia Commons

They suggest it could potentially release a major earthquake every few thousand years.

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There have been minor earthquakes under the Puente Hills thrust fault in the last decade.

A regional park in Carbon Canyon.

Source: David Lofink/Wikimedia Commons

In 2014, a magnitude 5.2 earthquake in La Habra struck. Several water mains broke. A rock slide in Carbon Canyon caused a car to overturn, leaving the driver and passengers with minor injuries. Officials said more than a dozen homes were red-tagged for possible structural damage.

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A Sobering Reminder from 1987

The 1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake, though relatively modest at magnitude 5.9, caused the deaths of eight people and inflicted over $350 million in damages. 

Debris from a collapsed brick building lies scattered on a city street with a traffic cone, road sign and greenery around

Source: Wikimedia Commons

This event serves as a stark reminder of the destructive power of even smaller earthquakes on the Puente Hills fault.

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Dolan said Californians should take this opportunity to prepare for a devastating earthquake.

A collection of water bottles with white caps.

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Precautions include buying extra water and securing spaces, such as fastening bookshelves to walls. There are many things you can do to prepare your family and property for a future earthquake.

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Get Updates

While a serious earthquake is imminent, it is crucial to stay informed. People with iPhones can get early earthquake warnings on the MyShake app.

An iPhone startup screen on a wooden surface.

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Those without smartphones can also get quake alerts on their cell phones. However, these alerts will only reach those in a higher magnitude area or where higher levels of shaking are predicted.

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